Ethics for Professionals - Professionals & Deception (Philosophy Essay

Ethics for Professionals - Professionals & Deception (Philosophy Topic) - Essay Example Ironically though, Nyberg (1993, p. 7) observes that despite all these public condemnations against lying and deception, everyone is actually privately culpable of it. Why so – he furthers that perhaps it is necessary to maintain equilibrium in people’s social relations, or possibly, it gives credence to moral decency. Meaning, although lying and deception is publicly acknowledged to be an immoral professional act, certain circumstances may compel or warrant professionals to resort to lying and deception. As Englehardt & Evans (1994) suggests, there are some instances when outright lying may be morally right and there may also be some instances when the simple act of not divulging information is morally wrong. Such is the heart of the matter – Is lying and deception justified in the conduct of one’s profession? Are professionals ever justified in, or even compelled to lie to or deceive their clients?  If so, in what context would this be morally permissible? If not, why? Is outright  lying worse than deception in the professions? Why would it be or would it not be? Is a professional ever entitled to lie to his/her  client, or to other people to protect the client? Such are seemingly easy questions? There may not be correct or wrong answers to them. Nevertheless, the issue of lying and deception in profession is one of the gray areas in professional ethics that warrant further inquiry and discussion. From the following definitions of lying – ‘No liar preserves faith in that about which he lies†¦ wishes that he to whom he lies have faith in him, but†¦ does not preserve faith by lying to him’ (Chisholm & Feehan 1977, p. 152); ‘A person lies when he asserts something to another which he believes to be false with the intention of getting the other to believe it to be true’ (Kupfer 1982, p. 104); ‘A person lies when he asserts a proposition he believes to be false’ (Fried 1978, p. 55); Lying is ‘making a statement believed to be

Occupational hygiene survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Occupational hygiene survey - Essay Example The weight of dust sample was used to determine the exposure level of dust. Besides, the samples were chemically analyzed to determine the level of resin acids. In addition to that the details of the subject, environmental factor like temperature and relative humidity was recorded Air samples were collected too for analysis of microbiological content. Sampling was done several areas. Samples were collected simultaneously for a sampling period of 5 minutes. A sample was collected outside the gate of the factory to be a representative of ambient condition. Samples were then sent back to the laboratory for analysis. A seven-hole inhalable dust sampler (JS holdings, UK) was used to collect dust sample. The sampler was with 0.45m pore sizes, 25mm diameter Teflon Filters (Costar). This device was used to collect sample inhalable, as if inhalation through one's nose. The resemblance of the mechanism allowed study on health hazards by the dust inhaled. Teflon filter were used in order to collect particles for resin acids analysis. In the study, air was drawn through the sampler at the speed of 2 litre/minute. Four samples were taken for each location respectively. The weight of dust was determined by subtracting the pre-weight of the filter from the post-weight. All the weight measurement was conducted on the micto-balance (0.001mg sensitivity). Samples were equilibrated to the same temperature and relative humidity. All readings were taken at temperature 20+0.5 C and 50% relative humidity. Resin Acid Analysis There are two categories of resin acids: abietic and pimaric acid. The amount of acids exist in the dust depends on the species, maturity and storage condition. Method used to analyze resin acid was developed by Victor Leong and Mary Ellen Cassinelli (Pengelly, 1994). The quantity of abietic and pimaric acid was determine by a gas chromatography methodology. From the previous analysis, the Teflon filters were shifted into 100mm glass tubes with phenolic caps. 3ml of dichloromethane was used to extract the filters under ultrasonic bath for 30minutes. The extract was filtered with 24mm diameter 0.45 m pore nylon syringe filters. It was then washed with 0.5 ml of dichlorometh

Trying Out Life Without A Television English Language Essay

Trying Out Life Without A Television English Language Essay The Adult Literacy Survey recently concluded that watching more than two hours of TV a day is harmful and holds children back. So what would happen if there were no televisions? No sport, no American Idol, no Days of Our Lives, no National Geographic, no BET, MTV or, (gulp) Spongebob? To find out, three of our reporters volunteered to turn the box off for a week. How did they cope, what did they do instead and did one of them really end up sewing a hem on a pair of trousers like one of the Ingalls girls on Little House on the Prairie? In our special feature, we also drop in on a family of two parents and six children who havent had a TV in the house for six months. The kids say its been torture but mom and dad say the children have come alive since its been gone. We also took to the streets to find out how much time islanders spend in front of the TV. Like most things, at the end of the day its a question of balance. Do you have it right? I was in denial about TV?habit By James Whittaker The hip hop group Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy once described television as the drug of the nation. But Id always considered myself as more of a casual user than an addict. Sure I was not immune to the hypnotic pull of the tube, but as far as I was concerned it was under control. Asked how much I watched a week, Id probably say five or six hours, if that. More, I suppose, if you count sports. Movies count too? Okay, maybe a few hours more. What about documentaries, surely thats just interactive learning? No? A couple more hours then. In the words of George W. Bush, I guess I mis-underestimated myself. When I actually added up the number of hours Id sat watching TV the previous week it was more than double what I thought it would be. I was well inside the two-hours-a-night category that the Bermuda Adult Literacy Survey classifies as the danger zone. A fair portion of that time was spent flicking between channels looking for something decent. Another chunk was spent criticizing the banality of what American mainstream channels consider comedy (somehow it never occurred to me to flick the off switch). And then the rest was spent on what I considered more worthy televisual pursuits like the English Premier League or David Attenboroughs Planet Earth. I still stand by the belief that television and literacy are not mutually exclusive. But when asked to recall a useful lesson Id learnt from TV, Dont mess with lions or sharks was about the best I could come up with. Worse still was the realization that a possibly vital part of my brains storage system would forever be assigned details about a nasty little growth hormone called Relacor which means unsightly belly fat is not my fault. The subliminal power of advertising had its hooks firmly in. Clearly, it was time for a change. The best way I found to curb the cravings during my week of abstinence was to stay out of the house. I went to a jazz concert on the Monday night, played in a squash tournament on two separate nights, went for the odd run and genuinely didnt miss television all that much. When I was home I had the benefit of a couple of good books and an online chess game to satisfy my entertainment demands. With no default selection, the question of what shall we do tonight? was always a challenge, but the answer was invariably more interesting than MTV. With the experiment over, I still watch my fair share of television. Id probably have to remove it from the house to avoid it completely. But Im at least a little more conscious not to watch, just because it is there. Maybe next time someone asks how much I watch Ill be able to say five or six hours a week and it might even be the truth. I hand-wrote a letter and did some sewing! By Sirkka Huish Think about all those important jobs you never get around to doing. Well, theres a way to get them crossed off the list and even enjoy the process give up TV for a week. Its a simple way to find more hours in the day, but you might find yourself doing some bizarre things. Typically, I get home from work and chill out in front of the box for a couple of hours. Now I faced going cold turkey for seven days 168 hours! All of a sudden I had to fill my time with more meaningful activities; I was forced to get the creative juices flowing. The key to getting through the week was staying busy and pretending I wasnt really missing Wife Swap, Survivor, Greys Anatomy and Ugly Betty or that I didnt mind being clueless about the latest American Idol audition or Oprah special. How did I spend my time? I read and went to the gym and spent a lot longer than normal slaving over a hot stove. A friend in the U.K. will get the surprise of her life when my hand-scribbled letter arrives on her doormat. I also came over all domesticated. Im proud to say my bathroom is now spotless and my fridge was given a good clean out. I even found time for a bit of sewing. Yes, I amazed even myself by sewing up the hem on a pair of trousers. To avoid temptation I also arranged a few nights out, but I was limited to where I could go. There was no way my boyfriend would give up TV even for a day, let alone a week, so I had to avoid his house. And almost every pub now has a widescreen TV looking back at you. Surprisingly, going without TV got easier as the week progressed. Im not a huge TV watcher anyway but I did miss my daily dose of news. I felt a bit lost without my window into the world. It brought home the fact that Im stuck on an island in the middle of the Atlantic. However, breaking free of the grip of TV wasnt a life-changing experience and I cant say I felt liberated. Neither did I find myself indulging in a healthy dose of outdoor activity. It was a valuable experience, though, as I was a lot more productive. I turned on life rather than the TV and stopped vegging-out in front of B-list celebrities, B-movies and bad plot lines. But I wont be throwing out the telly just yet. My TV isnt evil, it doesnt ruin my life, I just like it to have it around. Im not an addict. I would like to catch up with American Idol after missing two episodes, though The bliss of longer soaks in the tub By Don Burgess Giving up a week of TV left me hiding out in the bathtub and spending less time with my wife. It wasnt a good week to go on the no-TV diet. My house was full of people and we had relatives sleeping on the pullout sofa in the living room. We have an open plan house so the dining room and living room are connected. Also, my wife was sick for much of the week laid-up in bed with the TV on. And the weather was too bad for playing sports most days. I felt a little stranded. I would normally watch two to four hours of TV a day, but there are only five must-see programmes: Survivor, Battlestar Galactica, Bones, House and American Idol. And I did watch some TV couldnt help it. With the TV on in the bedroom and in the living room, there was no way not to see and hear programmes as I walked through, or interacted with people. But I didnt sit down to watch a programme. Instead, I spent more time in the bathtub. I could have stayed in the tub reading longer, but I after an hour, my skin had more wrinkles than a Shar Pei. I decided to set up a chair, with its back to the TV, and read a baseball magazine. I read a bad novel So how did I spend the rest of my time otherwise? I went to church, managed to get in a softball game, spent more time on the computer and read Stephen Kings Cell (very disappointing). We did play a few board games together like Vegas Showdown, San Juan and St. Petersburg, but those would have been a normal part of life anyway. Now that my week of abstinence is over, will I watch less TV? Probably not. As soon as the clock struck the witching hour, I had Comedy Central on. In the three days since going back to TV, Ive only watched six hours, which isnt that much considering it was a weekend. But of course, thats what any addict would say.

Gell Cell Essay -- essays research papers

Introduction: The new Gel Cell by Alcatel is a mobile phone for specified markets. It is very small, the gel is the actual battery, it comes in many colours, and the most important factor is that it is disposable. It has been developed because of the large demand to produce new products in the over saturated mobile phone market. It is a new product with an unfamiliar concept; therefore the advertising campaign is key to the success of the Gel Cell. This part of the plan is the creative brief. The extensive advertising campaign will include these markets: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Senior citizens 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Youth age 6-17 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People in an emergency The forms of media used to advertise the Gel Cell are: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Television 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Newspapers 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Radio 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magazines 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Internet 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cinema 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outdoor advertising 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Transit advertising Campaign 1: â€Å"Have you got your Gel?† Target: Youth age 6-17, parents, people in an emergency   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Youth are the perfect target for the Gel Cell. They like to talk on the phone, because they think it is cool. Parents do not want to trust their children with a  £150 mobile phone that will most likely be lost or stolen. So parents will also be targets in this campaign. With the help of this campaign, kids will think it is so cool to have a Gel Cell and parents will be more than happy to buy them for their kids because it is economical and keeps their kids safe. Television:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Set in a mall. A fast speed pan of kids hanging out, boys skateboarding in the entranceway, girls talking in a group, and boys throwing something colourful around. The colour of everything in the commercial is not very bright, but the phones that they will all be carrying and throwing around are all very bright. There will be upbeat music playing and there will be sounds of laughter. Then the screen will go to black and in bright colours it will say: This will arouse interest about what they all have and are using in the mall. Kids will talk about it and guess what they all have. This will be shown during popular times on TV where most... ...ds, then hear a car putter out, the music screeches to a stop. Only birds can be heard in the distance. An ominous voice says, â€Å"Stranded? Lost? Confused? Do you have a phone?† Then another voice says, â€Å" Gel Cell: In a pinch you’re covered for pence.† Newspaper: This would be a good form of media for senior citizens, as they are avid readers of the paper. This is a way to show them what the phone is about. There could be ads right next to each other. One would be of a scenario where they really need a phone, like being lost, stranded, or hurt with a Gel Cell in reaching distance. With the line, â€Å"Gel Cell: In a pinch, your covered for pence.† Then next to that ad there would be a picture of the phone. There will be a picture of the phone; there will be arrows pointing to the on button. Brochures:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This would be placed in doctor’s offices, and at chemists. It would be with the brochures on different diseases and treatments. It would be something to read while they waited for the doctor or the prescription. It would describe exactly what the phone does and how it can be used. It will emphasize that it is inexpensive and necessary for safety.

Dimensional Fund Advisors Essay

This case uses DFA as a setting to introduce you to the latest research in academic finance, as well as to show you how you can turn new findings into productive investment strategies. This case pays particular attention to the cornerstones of the DFA approach: the â€Å"size effect† and the â€Å"value-growth effect.† To this end, the case presents detailed information on recent research in capital markets (particularly the stock market), as well as on DFA’s history and operations. The case also explores the effect of recent research innovations on the firm, and considers DFA’s new (as of 2002) product: tax-managed passive funds. Start by reading carefully the Case Study HBS 9-203-026, â€Å"Dimensional Fund Advisors.† Next, prepare a comprehensive report on this case, covering the questions suggested below, as well as other issues that you might find pertinent. 1. What is DFA’s business strategy? What do you think of the firm? Are the DFA people really believers in efficient markets? How does DFA add value for investors? What are the pros and cons of the passive approach? 2. What are the Fama-French findings? Do they make sense? Should we expect small stocks to outperform large stocks in the future? And, should we expect value stocks to outperform growth stocks? What did Fama and French discover about the CAPM and beta? How do you reconcile the empirical findings with the CAPM theory? 3. Discuss DFA’s trading strategy. How does it work, and what are the costs and benefits? Can DFA keep the competitive advantage in the future? Why don’t competitors emulate DFA’s approach? 4. What are DFA’s products? How does DFA’s new tax-managed strategies work? Is the tax-managed fund family likely to be successful on a broad scale, or is it just for a small niche  market? What is the expected gain from DFA’s tax management strategy, and what is the increase in volatility that results from it? 5. What should be the firm’s strategy going forward? Does the company need to modify its basic strategy if it wants to grow assets and/or profits? Enjoy the team work!

Sm Swot Analysis

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TELENOR it is a multinational corporation of Norway. Norwegian telecommunication was Established in 1884. with the passage of time it introduces three more telecommunication corporations. In 1995 it changed its name to telenor. It has its telecommunication network in about 12 countries. Has a very leading and strong position in its markets, which are multidimensional and international. Its strengths are its methods of innovation, its good will social responsibilities, and its wide market. Weaknesses are weak services in Asian countries, lack of diversification. It availed the opportunity of easy load and credit sharing, introduces mobile tv for the first time, gives the service of location recognition. Threats are its local and international rivals. Its main threat in Asia countries lies in difference in culture. Swot Analysis The study of internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process. Environment has two factors i. e. external and internal. environmental factors internal to the firm are Strengths [S] or weaknesses [W]. External factors are classified as Opportunities [O] Threats [T]. So the analysis of these four factors is abbreviated, called SWOT ANALYSIS. â€Å"What is good in the present is Satisfactory, good in the future is an Opportunity; bad in the present is a Fault and bad in the future is a Threat. This was called the SOFT analysis†. ? The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in business and organizations. ? S WOT Analysis is a simple but powerful framework for analyzing one's company's Strengths and Weaknesses, and the Opportunities and Threats one face. SWOT Analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and let marketers to focus on key issues . ? INTERNAL ANALYSIS In this we study the capabilities of organization. This can be done by examining and analyzing organization's strengths and weaknesses. ? EXTERNAL ANALYSIS It is actually the study of external environment of organization. In it we identify those keys which bring opportunities for your organization and those points which create threats or obstacles to our performance. SWOT ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK: Environmental Analysis | | | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  / | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   | | | |Internal Analysis  Ã‚  Ã‚   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  External Analysis | | | |/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  / | | | |Strengths  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weaknesses  Ã‚  Ã‚   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Opportunities  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threats | | | || | | | |SWOT Matrix | | | Here a question arises that â€Å"What are strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats? STRENGTHS: A firm's strengths are its resources and capabilities that can be used as a basis for developing a competitive advantage. Examples of such strengths include: †¢ A new innovative product or service. †¢ Strong brand names. †¢ Good reputation among customers. †¢ Cost advantages from proprietary know-how. Exclusive access to high grade natural resources. †¢ Favorable access to distribution networks. †¢ Location of your business. †¢ Quality processes and procedures. †¢ Patents. †¢ Special market expertise. †¢ Any other aspect of business that adds value to product or services. Weaknesses: The absence of certain strengths may be viewed as a weakness. For example, each of the following may be considered w eaknesses: †¢ Poor quality products or services. †¢ A weak brand name. †¢ Poor reputation among customers. †¢ High cost structure. †¢ Lack of access to the best natural resources. †¢ Lack of access to key distribution channels. †¢ Location of your business. Undifferentiated products or services. †¢ Lack of patent protection. †¢ Lack of marketing expertise. In some cases, a weakness may be the flip side of strength. Take the case in which a firm has a large amount of manufacturing capacity. While this capacity may be considered a strength that competitors do not share, it also may be a considered a weakness if the large investment in manufacturing capacity prevents the firm from reacting quickly to changes in the strategic environment. Opportunities: The external environmental analysis may reveal certain new opportunities for profit and growth. Some examples of such opportunities include: †¢ A developing market. Moving into new market s for improved profits. †¢ A market vacated by ineffective competitor. †¢ An unfulfilled customer need. †¢ Arrival of new technologies. †¢ Loosening of regulations. †¢ Removal of international trade barriers. Threats: Changes in the external environmental also may present threats to the firm. Some examples of such threats include: †¢ Consumer tastes changes or shifts away from the firm's products. †¢ Substitute products. †¢ New regulations. †¢ increased trade barriers. †¢ A new competitor in your home market. †¢ Price wars with competitors. †¢ Competitor's superior access to channels of distribution. †¢ Innovative products or services by competitor. THE SWOT MATRIX: To develop strategies that take into account the SWOT profile, a matrix of these factors can be constructed. The SWOT matrix (also known as a TOWS Matrix) is shown below: SWOT / TOWS MATRIX: |   |Strengths |Weaknesses | | |S-O strategies |W-O strategies | |Opportunities | | | | |S-T strategies |W-T strategies | |Threats | | | †¢ S-O strategies pursue opportunities that are a good fit to the company's strengths. †¢ W-O strategies overcome weaknesses to pursue opportunities. S-T strategies identify ways that the firm can use its strengths to reduce its vulnerability to external threats. †¢ W-T strategies establish a defensive plan to prevent the firm's weaknesses from making it highly susceptible to external threats. REASON FOR CHOOSING TELENOR ? Telenor is a Multinational corporation having a great scope and a wide range to be discussed. ? Its growth rate in the telecommunication world is very impressive. ? We can study both of its markets i. e. National and Internati onal. ? Being a student of MBA we should select a company for discussion which completely satisfies the topics required by the project. So is there in it. History of Telenor THE INTRODUCTION OF THE TELEPHONE: The years of 1855 to 1920 was a pioneering period in the history of Norwegian telecommunications. During two generations, the Norwegian society experienced the introduction of three new means of communications: the telegraph in the years of 1850, the telephone around 1880 and wireless telegraphy – radiotelegraphy – at the turn of the century. NORWEGIAN TELECOM TO TELENOR: In 1994, Norwegian Telecom was established as a public corporation. One year later, it changed its name to Telenor. In December 2000, Telenor was partly privatized and listed on the stock exchange. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Telenor has undergone momentous change as a group – from being a strong, national operator with significant international holdings to becoming an international, world-class provider of mobile communications services. MANUAL TELEPHONY TO AUTOMATIC NMT: Manual mobile telephony services were introduced in Norway in 1966, as a forerunner to the automatic Nordic Automatic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system, which appeared in 1981. Its digital successor, Global System for Mobile (GSM), was introduced in 1993, and third generation mobile network, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), was launched for commercial use in 2004. Introduction to telenor Products: Telenor is Telecommunication Company of Norway. It provides its services in field of communication in form of following three products: 1. Mobile Operations(Connections) 2. Fixed Line 3. Broadcast Rivals: Telenor is a multinational company. It is well spread all over the world. Rivals of telenor in different countries are: Pakistan: Bangladesh:Malaysia: Thailand: MobilinkAktelMaxis AIS UfoneBanglalinkCelcomTrue move WaridCitycellThai Mobile PaktelTeletalk Instaphone zong Norway:Denmark:Sweden: NetComTDC MobilTeliaSonera ChessTeliaSoneraTele2 Tele2Tele2â€Å"3† VenteloHi3G Hungary:Montenegro:Serbia:Ulkrain:Russia: T-MobileT-MobileMTSUMCMTS VodafoneLifeMegafon Beeline Markets & Operators: Telenor has merged into three business areas. Telenor’s mobile operations are covering 12 countries and 3 regions. Its company name is different in different countries. The markets of Telenor in different countries in percentage with other rivals are as follows: Telenor is the leading provider of fixed-line telecommunications services in Norway, with a strong position in the growing broadband market throughout Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Telenor is the leading provider of television and broadcasting services to consumers and enterprises in the Nordic region, measured by subscribers and revenues. Vision: Vision of telenor is to be the leading telecommunication company of world. Goal: Telenor's primary goal is to create greater value for our shareholders, customers, employees and partners, and for society in general. Telenor strive to be a driving force in creating, simplifying and introducing communication and content solutions to the marketplace. Mission Statement: â€Å"Helping people to Communicate† Telenor Management Philosophy Telenor considers good corporate governance to be an essential tool for achieving their vision, value creation and strategic goals, complying with their values and for maintaining good corporate culture. Furthermore, good corporate governance is imperative for credibility and for access to capital. Telenor corporate governance includes openness and transparency towards the company's owners, the Corporate Assembly, the Board and Group Management, as well as other interested parties such as the Group's employees, customers, suppliers, creditors, public authorities and society in general. Responsible Corporate Culture to Secure Value Creation: Rules and procedures provide Telenor with a sound platform for good corporate governance and for the further development of a positive, responsible and healthy corporate culture. The Group Management is responsible for ensuring the existence of internal rules, procedures and structures that can efficiently secure value creation for all stakeholders and where authority and responsibilities are clearly set out and mutually understood. Rules and Regulations: Telenor is subject to Norwegian rules and regulations in countries in which the Group conducts business. Telenor's shares are listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. As an issuer of shares, the company must comply with the Norwegian rules and regulations. Being a multinational company it also follows the law of country, it is in. Corporate Assembly Members: Pursuant to Norwegian law, Telenor has a Corporate Assembly and a Board of Directors. Organization Map of Telenor: [pic] Strategic Plan Telenor's main strategy is to focus on subscriber growth in mobile operations and to increase overall profitability by combining Group industrialization with local drive and responsiveness. Further, to develop leading position in the Nordic region with a broad range of communication services. This strategy implies the following focus areas: To strengthen position as an international mobile operator: Telenor intend to continue to strengthen mobile industrialization mobile operations by obtaining control over selected mobile companies. Control is essential to benefit from cross-borders synergies, such as scale in procurement, to develop new services and implement best practices, to improve operational efficiency and to increase overall profitability. They intend to manage their non-strategic investments as financial investments and try to exit from international mobile operations where they cannot obtain control over time. To strengthen position in the Nordic region: Telenor intend to continue to streamline their mobile and fixed line operations in the Nordic region by exploiting the benefits resulting from economies of scale and cross-border synergies. To be the leading provider of communications services in Norway: Being the leader in a broad range of services in both the residential and business markets in Norway, Telenor seek to improve profit performance in the mobile and fixed areas by introducing new services and through a wide range of cost-cutting initiatives. To continue to be the leading distributor of TV services to consumers in the Nordic region: Telenor will continue to develop new opportunities to strengthen their strategic position as a leading distributor of subscription-based television in the Nordic region. They focus on attracting new subscribers and increasing revenue per user by providing attractive content and new interactive services . SWOT ANALYSIS OF TELENOR STRENGTHS OF TELENOR: Telenor is a multinational company. It has its branches in 12 different countries and mostly holds the market of many countries. Telenor’s strength lies in its management tacts and the fact that it is spreading it market all over the world. Some of the strengths of telenor are: METHOD OF INNOVATION: Most of the innovation in telecommunications today doesn’t happen in laboratories. It happens and evolves in a highly dynamic interplay between user demands and technological advances. Telenor does innovations in the manner explained above and succeed most of time in as it is the best way one can move forward according to its environment. GOODWILL THROUGH SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: Telenor currently has a good understanding of how its activities, products and services can impact on the environment. Telenor are committed to preventing or minimizing those impacts. The following act of telenor create goodwill among the government and people in sense that they know their responsibility towards the environment and are try to make the environment free of pollution. MARKET: Telenor is providing services in 12 countries across the world in Europe and Asia. Telenor users in the world are more than 147 million people. Telenor is increasing the local competitiveness of mobile operations by taking advantage of global joint competence and scale. RECYCLING OF MOBILE PHONES: Mobile phone recycling is a key area. Telenor recycles tens of thousands of mobile phones through its recycling programmes in Hungary, Serbia and Norway. Telenor are currently working on a permanent recycling programme that will encompass all of markets. POWERING BASE STATIONS BY RENEWABLE ENERGY: Telenor is currently testing hydrogen, wind and solar energy as power sources for base stations. A promising result is that these renewable energy sources produce more energy than is required to power the base stations. This excess electricity can be used to benefit local communities in the future. To achieve this, Telenor will depend on strong partnerships with energy providers. Telenor’s renewable energy effort is an investment that will ensure network stability in a future where the supply of electricity may be unreliable and expensive. Weaknesses: SERVICES: In Pakistan service of Telenor is not up to the mark. Telenor does not provide coverage at all areas of Pakistan. Signals of Telenor in many areas are weak. Rates of Telenor are very high if packages are not activated. Packages like djuice makes sms very cheap but increases call rates. NO DIVERSIFICATION: Telenor no doubt is developing day by day and progressing but it is dealing in just one type of business that is telecommunication. Its rivalry is increasing fast still Telenor is not diversifying toward other business. OPPORTUNITIES: EASY LOAD: Telenor introduced easy load as well as sharing of credit. This was first time introduced in Pakistan that a person can load credit of only Rs. 10 or more than that without buying a card of Rs. 100. As before this, there was only the system of pre paid cards. So it became easy and convenient for all to load credit of how much they want. MOBILE TV: Introduces mobile tv first. No network other than telenor felt the need and importance of it. It was an innovation and attracted people a lot. â€Å"The development has revealed that this was the right way to go. Norway is one of the world's leading nations, when it comes to developing mobile services. This is not least due to the cooperation between mobile operators and service providers† sa ys, director of the External Service Market Department . PAYMENT OF BILLS: In Bangladesh, people without a bank account can now pay their electricity bills safely and conveniently through a new solution based on mobile communication. They don’t even need their own mobile phone. In Draymen, Norway, homecare nurses can do their office work on a mobile PDA, allowing half an hour of extra time for their patients every day. THREATS: CENTRAL ASIA: It was a tough task and a very challenging step for Telenor Corporation to start its network in Central ASIA because in these areas making the minds of people for buying a product is a tough task. Here people always refer the customized and local products In Asian countries the basic needs of the people are not fulfilled so they cannot afford a mobile. So it is a challenging task to motivate them to use mobile . CULTURE: The change between the cultures makes the greatest resistance. People do not trust the new especially western companies and also don’t accept their ways and strategies of businesses. COMPETITION WITH LOCAL MARKET: . Competition in a foreign country with local companies is a great threat as a single wrong step of not only the organization itself but the country can affect the whole business. ENVIRONMENT: The fluctuating and unstable situations i. e. political, economical, social situations of countries especially in central Asia really effect the growth, position, investment and profit level and service quality and availability. CONCLUSION Telenor is a telecommunication company having fewer weaknesses because of its well organized managerial structure and a better study of local markets. Despite of having so many threats Telenor came with very attractive packages and captured the attention of youngsters, shift of young generation was due to affordable rates, relaxation in Short Message Service, Easy Load Facility and GPRS Facility all at a same time. Telenor faced a lot of challenges during last years but survived due to strategic planning and better distribution of sales and services. REFERENCES 1. Internet a. Telenor. com b. Wikipedia c. Ask. com d. google. com 2. Books a. Management Griffin ———————– Telenor ASA Jon Fredrik Baksaas President & CEO Other Business Group Communications Hilde M. Tonne Executive Vice President Strategy Group HR Bjorn Magnus Kopperud Executive Vice President Nordic Morten Karlsen Sorby Executive Vice President Asia Arve Johansen Senior Executive Vice President Central/East Europe Jan Edvard Thygesen Executive Vice President Legal Global Coordination Ragnar Kors? th Executive Vice President Chief Financial Officer Trond O. Westlie Executive Vice President